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An interstellar comet has a third tail. It defies everything we know
Astronomers are puzzled by the behavior of interstellar object 31/Atlas, the third such object ever detected. Unlike typical comets, 31/Atlas exhibits a unique “anti-tail” – a tail pointing *towards* the Sun, rather than away from it - and now, evidence suggests a third tail is present. This unusual characteristic has led to speculation, with Harvard astronomer Avi Loeb suggesting the object might not be a natural comet at all, but possibly an alien artifact.
Possible Explanations for the Anomalous Tails
While loeb entertains the possibility of an artificial origin, more conventional explanations are being explored. According to IFLScience,the anti-tail could be an optical illusion created by the Earth’s position relative to the object. This perspective suggests a wide tail extending behind 31/Atlas might appear to originate from both sides due to our viewing angle.
Another proposed explanation involves the “recalcitrance of dust grains” on the sun-facing side of the comet.These grains may resist being pushed away by the solar wind, contributing to the unusual tail structure.
A third possibility centers on a rapidly spinning, sublimating ice comet nucleus.Such a nucleus could eject large pieces of debris in both directions along its orbit, creating the illusion of an anti-tail.
What We Know About Interstellar Objects
Only three interstellar objects have been confirmed to date: ‘Oumuamua (discovered in 2017), 2I/Borisov (discovered in 2019), and 31/Atlas (discovered in 2023). These objects originate from outside our solar system, offering a rare glimpse into the composition of other star systems.
| Interstellar Object | Finding Date | Key Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| ‘Oumuamua | October 2017 | Cigar-shaped, highly elongated; exhibited non-gravitational acceleration. |
| 2I/Borisov | August 2019 | First confirmed interstellar comet; showed a visible coma and tail. |
| 31/Atlas | September 2023 | Exhibits an anti-tail and possible third tail; unusual trajectory. |
