A multistate outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes infections linked to meats sliced at deli counters has concluded, but public health officials continue to emphasize food safety precautions, particularly for vulnerable populations. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) investigated the outbreak, which spanned from May 2024 to November 2024, ultimately identifying 61 cases across 19 states.
The outbreak was initially reported in July 2024, with early investigations pointing to deli meats as the source. Epidemiologic and laboratory data confirmed that meats sliced at deli counters, including liverwurst produced by Boar’s Head Provision Company, were contaminated with Listeria. A recall of over 7 million pounds of Boar’s Head products was issued on July 30, 2024, following the identification of the contamination.
The impact of the outbreak was significant. Of the 61 individuals infected, 60 required hospitalization. Tragically, ten deaths were reported, occurring in Illinois, New Jersey, New York (two deaths), Virginia, Florida, Tennessee, New Mexico, and South Carolina. One woman experienced illness during pregnancy but remained pregnant after recovery. Officials note that the actual number of cases was likely higher, as many individuals with mild illness may not seek medical care or undergo testing.
Understanding Listeria and its Risks
Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterium that can cause a serious infection called invasive listeriosis. While many people experience only mild symptoms like fever, muscle aches, and fatigue, the infection can be particularly dangerous for certain groups. These include pregnant individuals, adults aged 65 or older, and people with weakened immune systems.
For pregnant people, Listeria infection can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, premature delivery, or life-threatening infection of the newborn. In non-pregnant individuals, invasive listeriosis can cause headache, stiff neck, confusion, loss of balance, and convulsions, in addition to the initial flu-like symptoms. Symptoms typically appear between one and four weeks after consuming contaminated food, but can range from the same day to as long as 70 days after exposure.
What the Investigation Revealed
The CDC’s investigation revealed that 89% of the 24 individuals interviewed reported consuming meats sliced at deli counters prior to becoming ill. Thirteen of those individuals specifically reported eating deli sliced liverwurst, and seven of those had consumed Boar’s Head brand liverwurst. Testing confirmed the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in an unopened Boar’s Head liverwurst product, and genomic sequencing is underway to confirm if the strain matches that causing the outbreak illnesses.
Inspections of the Boar’s Head plant in Greensville County, Virginia, revealed 69 regulatory violations between August 2023 and August 2024. These included observations of black mold, mildew, insects, blood pooling on the floor, and foul odors, raising concerns about sanitation practices at the facility.
Protecting Yourself and Your Family
Although the outbreak is over, health officials emphasize the importance of continued vigilance when handling and consuming deli meats. The CDC recommends the following precautions:
- Avoid Recalled Products: Do not consume any recalled deli products. Discard them immediately or return them to the store where they were purchased.
- Heating Deli Meats: Individuals at higher risk for listeriosis should avoid eating meats sliced at deli counters unless they are heated to an internal temperature of 165°F (74°C) just before serving. This ensures any potential Listeria bacteria are killed.
- Refrigerator Hygiene: Thoroughly clean your refrigerator, containers, and surfaces that may have come into contact with sliced deli meats.
- Seek Medical Attention: If you experience symptoms of Listeria infection after consuming deli meats, contact your healthcare provider immediately.
Businesses operating deli counters are also advised to follow USDA-FSIS best practices for controlling Listeria contamination, including rigorous cleaning and sanitizing procedures and proper disposal of opened sliced meats and cheeses.
Looking Ahead
The CDC’s investigation highlights the ongoing risk of foodborne illness and the importance of robust food safety practices. While this particular outbreak has concluded, continued monitoring and adherence to food safety guidelines are crucial to protect public health. The CDC continues to provide resources and information on Listeria prevention and food safety on its website.
