Growing evidence suggests a strong link between the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and adverse health outcomes, extending beyond well-established risks like obesity and heart disease. Recent research indicates that individuals who survive cancer may face a significantly elevated risk of death if their diets are high in these foods, even if the cause of death is unrelated to their initial cancer diagnosis. This finding underscores the importance of dietary choices not just during, but also after, cancer treatment.
What are Ultra-Processed Foods?
Ultra-processed foods are formulations made mostly from ingredients derived from industrial sources, created through a series of industrial techniques. They often contain additives, artificial flavorings, and preservatives, and are typically high in added sugars, unhealthy fats, and salt. Examples include sugary drinks, packaged snacks, processed meats, and ready-to-eat meals. The American Cancer Society highlights that these foods are often convenient and affordable, but are significantly altered from their original state and often lack essential nutrients.
The Link to Cancer Survivor Mortality
A new study from the American Association for Cancer Research, published recently, found a correlation between increased consumption of UPFs and an increased risk of both all-cause and cancer-specific mortality among cancer survivors. According to lead author Marialaura Bonaccio, Ph.D., of the Research Unit of Epidemiology and Prevention at IRCCS Neuromed in Pozzilli, Italy, “What people eat after a cancer diagnosis may influence survival, but most research in this population has focused only on nutrients, not how processed the food is.” This study suggests that the degree of processing itself may be a critical factor influencing health outcomes post-cancer.
How Do UPFs Impact Health?
Experts believe that the harmful effects of UPFs stem from several factors. Nutritionists explain that these foods are often low in essential nutrients while containing substances that can interfere with metabolic processes, disrupt the gut microbiota, and promote inflammation. The industrial processing itself can alter the food in ways that negatively impact the body, even if the calorie content and nutritional composition appear similar to minimally processed or “natural” foods. As stated by researchers, the substances involved in the industrial processing of foods can have a detrimental effect on the body’s systems.
Beyond Cancer: A Wider Range of Health Risks
The potential dangers of UPFs extend far beyond cancer survivors. Numerous studies have linked high consumption of these foods to a growing list of chronic health conditions. Research published in identified a connection between UPF intake and an increased risk of at least 12 major health risks, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and even Crohn’s disease. A study highlighted by Baptist Health also found that even small amounts of processed meats and sugary drinks can raise health risks over time, particularly the risk of colorectal cancer.
a study revealed that UPFs are linked to harm in every major human organ. The increasing prevalence of UPFs in diets globally is a growing concern, rapidly displacing fresh, whole foods in the diets of both children, and adults.
The Role of Sugar and Processed Foods
Sugar and processed foods, particularly those that are ultra-processed, play a significant role in increasing cancer risk. The American Cancer Society recommends limiting sugar-sweetened foods and beverages, as well as UPFs, as part of a healthy eating plan to reduce cancer risk. Added sugar contributes to excess calorie intake and raises the risk of excess body weight, which is a known risk factor for several types of cancer.
What Can Be Done?
While the findings are concerning, experts emphasize the importance of making informed dietary choices. Focusing on minimally processed foods – those that are close to their natural state – is a key step. This includes prioritizing fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Reading food labels carefully and being mindful of ingredient lists can help consumers identify and limit their intake of UPFs. The increasing availability and affordability of UPFs present a challenge, but prioritizing whole, unprocessed foods remains a crucial strategy for protecting long-term health, especially for cancer survivors.
The growing body of evidence linking UPFs to a wide range of health problems underscores the need for greater awareness and potentially, policy changes to regulate the production and marketing of these foods. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which UPFs impact health and to develop effective strategies for promoting healthier dietary patterns.
