A growing body of research suggests a link between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and an increased risk of certain cancers, particularly colorectal cancer. A recent study published in JAMA Oncology found that women who consumed higher amounts of these foods were more likely to develop precancerous colorectal polyps, known as adenomas.
Colorectal cancer, once largely associated with older adults, is now increasingly diagnosed in individuals under the age of 50, especially in high-income countries like the United States. While the exact reasons for this trend remain unclear, researchers are focusing on dietary factors, with ultra-processed foods emerging as a potential key contributor.
The study, which analyzed data from nearly 30,000 female nurses under the age of 50, revealed that those with the highest intake of ultra-processed foods had a 45% higher risk of developing adenomas compared to those with the lowest intake. Adenomas are considered precursors to colorectal cancer, meaning they can potentially develop into cancerous tumors if left undetected and untreated.
But what exactly *are* ultra-processed foods? These are typically industrial formulations made with numerous ingredients, including those not traditionally used in cooking, such as artificial colors, flavors, preservatives, and emulsifiers. They are often high in sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats, and generally low in essential nutrients. Examples include packaged snacks, sugary drinks, processed meats, and ready-to-eat meals.
Currently, ultra-processed foods comprise approximately 70% of the U.S. Food supply, making complete avoidance challenging. However, experts emphasize that even reducing consumption can be beneficial.
“Our findings support the importance of reducing the intake of ultra-processed foods as a strategy to mitigate the rising burden of early-onset colorectal cancer,” said Dr. Andrew Chan, chief of the Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and a gastroenterologist in the Mass General Brigham Cancer Institute, in a press release accompanying the study.
The connection between ultra-processed foods and colorectal cancer isn’t solely about what these foods *contain*, but also what they *lack*. Diets high in ultra-processed foods often displace healthier options like whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, which are rich in fiber and other beneficial compounds that promote gut health. A healthy gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as playing a crucial role in cancer prevention.
the additives and ingredients commonly found in ultra-processed foods may disrupt the gut microbiome and contribute to inflammation, both of which are implicated in the development of colorectal cancer. These foods also tend to be calorie-dense, potentially contributing to obesity, another known risk factor for the disease.
While this study establishes a correlation, it’s important to remember that it doesn’t prove causation. Observational studies like this one can identify associations, but they cannot definitively demonstrate that ultra-processed foods *cause* colorectal cancer. More research is needed to fully understand the complex interplay between diet, gut health, and cancer risk.
Despite the need for further investigation, health professionals recommend prioritizing a dietary pattern rich in whole, unprocessed foods. This includes lean proteins, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats. The goal isn’t necessarily to eliminate ultra-processed foods entirely, but rather to “crowd them out” by filling your plate with nutrient-dense options first.
“We should all opt for a heart-healthy diet that is low in ultra-processed foods,” says Dr. Saumya Maru, assistant professor in the Institute for Cancer Research at Fox Chase Cancer Center. “Combined with an active lifestyle, this will have benefits that extend beyond lowering the risk of developing colorectal cancer.”
If you have a family history of colorectal cancer or are concerned about your risk, it’s essential to discuss your concerns with a healthcare professional. They can provide personalized recommendations and advise on appropriate screening schedules. Regular screening, such as colonoscopies, can detect and remove precancerous polyps before they develop into cancer, significantly improving outcomes.
The increasing incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer is a serious public health concern. While the causes are multifaceted, reducing the consumption of ultra-processed foods appears to be a promising strategy for mitigating risk and promoting overall health.
