[이데일리 이순용 기자] Language is a means of communication and words play the most important role. Children with developmental language disorder are slow in producing their first words, have difficulty acquiring verbs, and have difficulty applying newly learned words. Learn about developmental speech disorders with the help of Professor Kim Hyun-jeong from the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine at Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University.
Speech disorder refers to a communication disorder in which the process of language acquisition deviates significantly from the normal process. Normal babies begin speaking words as early as 10 months after birth, on average at 12 months, and connect two words around 18 months of age. Does not stutter by 6 months, does not understand what others say when he turns around, cannot string two words together by 2 years, speaks fewer than 50 words by 3 years, or cannot play or talk to peers by 4 years If you have difficulty, you may suspect a developmental language disorder.
As a diagnostic method, evaluation is recommended when there is a delay greater than twice the normal time of onset. The most used language development tests are the Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale (PRES) and the Sequenced Language Scale for Infants (SELSI).
Professor Kim Hyun-jung said: “According to general guidelines, if a child has no words to say by age 2 or cannot form a sentence using two words until age 3, we recommend a language assessment . “Recently, there are cases where active evaluation is recommended to visit the hospital before this, if the expression of words does not appear within 18 months or the connections of two words do not appear within 24 months,” he said.
Speech disorders occur due to defects in the brain’s physiological process of understanding or expressing spoken language. Illnesses that accompany speech disorders include hearing disorders, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, brain injuries including cerebral palsy, and epilepsy. Genetic disorders such as Down syndrome, Williams syndrome, and brittle syndrome Because quantitative brain growth and language development occur at the fastest rate in the first years of life, so does the lack of interaction during infancy and childhood could be a cause. Professor Kim said: “Treatment is necessary during the third period, when vocabulary and comprehension skills explode, it is better not to exceed three. He stressed: “Since early diagnosis and early treatment are the principles, we encourage the administration of treatment immediately after diagnosis”.
To promote language development, students are encouraged to experience many language patterns intensively in a short period of time. To this end, even if the child expresses himself in incomplete forms, it is good to continually repeat sentences with complete morphemes to him and use this as an opportunity to expand his vocabulary or sentences. It is more effective if the content is reworked and expressed in various ways.
Even before the first birthday, it is important for parents or caregivers to read and respond to their baby’s signals and create an appropriate communication environment in their daily lives. Social games, responding to children’s expressions, and modeling communicative behaviors that promote language development are helpful in promoting language development. Furthermore, it is good to allow them to experiment with a wide range of communication skills and various expressions.
Professor Kim Hyun-jung said: “Some guardians believe that their children will learn to speak naturally without special treatment, but if the speech disorder persists, it could lead to a learning disability. Therefore, appropriate measures must be taken through continuous assessment of language development to ensure that language development progresses normally,” she said. He continued: “With the recent increase in the popularity of smart devices, children are often overly exposed to smart devices without parental supervision. “Because direct interaction and communication are important for language development, we must be careful not to expose children only to smartphones and videos,” he said.
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