As many individuals embark on New Year’s resolutions focused on weight management, a concerning trend is emerging: the increasing, and often inappropriate, use of obesity medications. Driven by a desire for rapid results and fueled by misleading information circulating on social media, some are seeking these drugs without medical supervision or utilizing them for purposes beyond their intended clinical application.
According to the ‘2025 Community Health Survey’ from Statistics Korea, saw 68.5% of the national population attempting to control their weight, a figure that continues to rise annually. This repeated cycle of weight loss attempts often leads to a search for quicker, more effective methods, and increased interest in and consumption of weight loss-related information.
The core of the problem lies in the proliferation of unsubstantiated advertising and exaggerated claims online. Kim Won-jun, director of the Obesity and Metabolic Disease Center at Gangneung Asan Hospital and a professor of endocrinology, notes a growing misunderstanding of these medications. “Recently, information that only emphasizes quick and powerful weight loss effects is spreading online, and misunderstandings are growing,” he said, emphasizing the need to correct the public’s perception of obesity treatments as simply “diet drugs” for cosmetic purposes.
Understanding Obesity Medications
It’s crucial to understand that obesity medication is designed to treat obesity as a disease, not merely as a cosmetic concern. These medications are typically prescribed by healthcare professionals when a patient’s Body Mass Index (BMI) is 30 kg/m2 or greater, or when it’s 27 kg/m2 or greater in the presence of weight-related health conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or dyslipidemia. Using these medications when an individual is already at a normal weight or is only mildly overweight carries a risk of side effects that may outweigh any potential benefits.
A particularly concerning development is the practice of self-administering injectable obesity treatments. While some of these injections offer more significant weight loss potential than older treatments, they are not universally safe. Director Kim explains, “This represents because the safety has not been sufficiently proven when self-administered in a normal weight or overweight state that does not fall under the indications for obesity treatment.” He further warns of reports of individuals requiring hospitalization for arrhythmias or other emergency conditions after purchasing and using these drugs without medical guidance.
Potential Side Effects and Considerations
All anti-obesity drugs carry potential side effects and contraindications that must be carefully considered. Newer injectable obesity treatments commonly cause gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Oral medications also have potential side effects, highlighting the necessity of prescription and management by a qualified healthcare professional. For individuals with severe obesity, bariatric surgery may be a more appropriate treatment option than medication.
While rare, more serious complications are possible. Director Kim notes the potential for pancreatitis, gallbladder disease, and severe allergic reactions. Importantly, obesity treatments are contraindicated in pregnant and lactating women and are restricted for individuals with a history of certain cancers or pancreatitis.
The Role of GLP-1 and GIP Agonists
Many of the newer weight loss medications fall into a class of drugs called GLP-1 receptor agonists, and more recently, GLP-1/GIP agonists. These medications mimic the action of naturally occurring hormones that regulate appetite and blood sugar. As explained in research, GLP-1 agonists work by activating receptors in the pancreas to release insulin after eating, helping to control blood glucose levels. They also slow stomach emptying, promoting a feeling of fullness and reducing appetite. Tirzepatide (Zepbound) goes a step further by also mimicking the effects of GIP, another hormone involved in appetite regulation. Clinical trials have shown that individuals taking semaglutide or tirzepatide can lose, on average, 15% to 20% of their body weight – a level of weight loss comparable to that achieved with weight-loss surgery.
Navigating the Landscape of Weight Loss Treatments
The increasing use of these medications, with nearly 12 percent of Americans having tried GLP-1 drugs for weight loss, underscores the growing demand for effective weight management solutions. However, it also highlights the need for informed decision-making and responsible use. It’s essential to remember that these medications are not a quick fix but rather a tool to be used as part of a comprehensive weight management program that includes a healthy diet and regular physical activity.
Director Kim emphasizes the importance of addressing misinformation. “Although it is rare, there is a possibility that pancreatitis, gallbladder disease, and serious allergic reactions may occur. All obesity treatments are contraindicated in pregnant and lactating women, and their use is also restricted in those with a history of certain cancers or pancreatitis.”
the safest and most effective approach to weight management involves a collaborative partnership between a patient and their healthcare provider, ensuring that any treatment plan is tailored to individual needs and circumstances.
