[의학신문·일간보사=김자연 기자] At the recent annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), attention was paid to progress in the clinical development of four major cancer vaccines. According to Pierce Biotech, the cancer vaccine currently in clinical trials is primarily aimed at eradicating residual microscopic disease as an adjuvant treatment that can stimulate T cell responses.
First, Moderna’s V940 (mRNA-4157) mRNA-based personalized neoantigenic cancer vaccine, which it is developing with MSD, gained attention by announcing Phase 1 clinical trial data for melanoma at ASCO on Monday. last year, and this time also announced Phase 1 study data for attracted head and neck cancer.
It is a vaccine against up to 34 neoantigens that induce antitumor activity of T cells and resulted in a response rate of 27.3% when administered in combination with Keytruda in 22 patients with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and HPV-negative unresectable neck (HNSCC) ).
Additionally, Transgene’s TG4050 personalized cancer vaccine was shown to reduce relapse along with tumor-specific immune response in a phase 1 clinical trial in surgically resected grade 3-4 HPV-negative HNSCC patients.
This uses a non-pathogenic poxvirus to deliver 30 neoantigens and, notably, uses artificial intelligence and machine learning to analyze the patient’s tumor genome to reveal related mutations and immunogenic neoantigens, making it personalized.
When it was given to 17 patients who had received radiation and standard chemotherapy, none of them relapsed in an average of 16.2 months. In comparison, among the 16 patients in the observation group, one patient had a recurrence after 6.2 and 8.8 months, and a third had a recurrence after 18.5 months. Furthermore, all but one of the vaccinated patients showed evidence of neoantigen-specific T cell activation.
Additionally, BioNTech also announced long-term data after 3 years of Phase 1 clinical trials for BNT 122 (autogenous cevumeran), a personalized mRNA vaccine under development with Genentech. It targets up to 20 neoantigens in each patient’s tumor and, when used in combination with Tecentriq and chemotherapy in 16 pancreatic cancer patients, an immune response was induced in half of them.
Notably, even after an average of 3 years, the 8 patients whose T cell response had been induced by the vaccine still showed delayed relapse. Additionally, the researchers explained that non-responding patients were found to have no spleen at the time of vaccination, so they intend to further investigate the cause in subsequent testing.
Additionally, Zenios’ GT-30 personalized DNA cancer vaccine has shown an excellent response rate in unresectable advanced metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which has a 10-year survival rate of only 5%. This explains that DNA plasmids are delivered to cells through cytokine-enhanced IL-12 and effective delivery system.
It includes up to 40 neoantigens and, in a single-arm, open-label Phase I/II study, achieved complete responses with excellent safety when combined with Keytruda as second-line treatment in 36 patients previously treated with multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors. observed response rate (ORR) was 30.6%, including 3 patients. This is considered significant compared to the ORR of Kitroda monotherapy, which was only 16.9%.
Meanwhile, Biospace pointed out that among the AACR’s ADCs, SKB264, a TROP2 target candidate that MSD is developing with Kellen Biotech, has attracted attention.
This analysis shows that preliminary data from phase I/II clinical trials in previously overtreated gastric and esophageal junction cancers have shown promising disease control and survival extension potential along with safety.
Notably, it increased the targeted anti-tumor effect using a novel linker that is cleaved by changes in tumor acidity and internal enzymes. Therefore, a phase 3 clinical trial comparing the treatment with standard treatment is planned for patients who have previously received at least one third-line treatment, a phase 3 clinical trial for triple-negative breast cancer, and a clinical trial Phase 2 for non-small tumors also includes cellular lung cancer.
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