Addis Ababa, Ethiopia – The African Union (AU) convened its annual summit this weekend amid growing discontent over its perceived ineffectiveness in addressing the continent’s mounting challenges. While officially focused on promoting unity and solidarity, the organization faces a legitimacy crisis, particularly among its rapidly growing youth population, as military coups, disputed elections, and economic hardship fuel instability across Africa.
The summit, taking place in Addis Ababa, comes as several African nations grapple with political turmoil. Reports from across the continent highlight a rising tide of frustration with the AU’s response – or lack thereof – to these crises. Critics argue the organization is increasingly seen as a “bloc of old leaders” disconnected from the needs and aspirations of its citizens, particularly those under the age of 35, who comprise over 40% of the population.
This demographic paradox – a youthful population coupled with aging leadership – is a key factor contributing to the recent surge in coups and political instability. With the youth population expected to double by 2050, the continent is facing a unique challenge: a growing population becoming poorer, despite economic growth in some areas. This economic disparity, coupled with limited opportunities, is driving disillusionment and fueling social unrest.
The African Union’s admission as a permanent member of the G20 in September 2023 was hailed as a historic milestone, offering Africa a formal voice in global economic governance. This inclusion, secured during the G20 summit in New Delhi, is intended to enhance the continent’s ability to shape international policy and advocate for its interests on the world stage. South Africa currently holds the G20 presidency, with Brazil and the United States forming the “troika” of past, present, and incoming presidencies.
However, the benefits of G20 membership are unlikely to immediately quell the internal criticisms facing the AU. Analysts point to a long-standing tendency for the organization to prioritize governments and leaders over the needs of its citizens. This perceived disconnect has led to accusations that the AU is failing to be “people-centered and citizen-driven,” hindering its ability to effectively address the root causes of instability.
Beyond political crises, the summit agenda also includes pressing issues such as access to water and increasing instability. These challenges are interconnected, with water scarcity exacerbating existing tensions and contributing to conflict in several regions. The situation is further complicated by the impact of climate change, which is disproportionately affecting African nations.
The G20, established in 1999 in response to the Asian financial crisis, initially served as a forum for Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors. It evolved into a Leaders’ Summit in 2007, expanding its focus to encompass a broader range of global issues, including trade, climate change, and development. The G20 represents approximately 85% of global GDP, 75% of international trade, and two-thirds of the world’s population.
While the AU’s inclusion in the G20 represents a significant step forward, questions remain about its ability to translate this increased influence into tangible benefits for the African people. The summit in Addis Ababa will be closely watched as a test of the organization’s commitment to addressing the concerns of its youth and delivering on its promise of unity, and progress. The challenges are significant, and the need for effective leadership and decisive action is more urgent than ever.
The summit also takes place against a backdrop of increasing foreign aid cuts, which are worsening hardship across the continent. This reduction in external assistance is placing additional strain on already fragile economies and exacerbating existing inequalities. The AU’s ability to navigate these complex challenges will be crucial in determining the future stability and prosperity of Africa.
The situation in Africa is further complicated by ongoing conflicts and the proliferation of armed groups. These conflicts not only cause immense human suffering but also undermine efforts to promote economic development and good governance. The AU has struggled to effectively address these conflicts, often hampered by a lack of resources and political will.
As the summit progresses, observers will be looking for concrete commitments from the AU to address these critical issues. The organization’s ability to demonstrate a renewed focus on the needs of its citizens, particularly its youth, will be essential in restoring its credibility and ensuring its continued relevance in a rapidly changing world.
