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[메디칼업저버 박선혜 기자] Melatonin supplements were found not to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes (hereinafter referred to as diabetes).
Furthermore, it was observed that long-term shift workers tended to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease when they took melatonin supplements.
Based on the results of this study, we analyze the need for research to evaluate whether melatonin supplements are useful for adults who suffer from circadian rhythm disorders due to irregular sleep or who are at high risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes due to of reduced melatonin secretion. .
The results of this study, which included long-term follow-up of three large cohorts in the United States, were published in the May 3 online edition of The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology.
This study was conducted with funding from the US National Institutes of Health (NIH).
The use of melatonin supplements in the United States is increasing… Effects on cardiometabolism are unclear
Melatonin, a brain hormone called a sleep hormone, plays a role in inducing sleep at night. Melatonin acts as a regulator of the circadian rhythm and is secreted at its maximum level during the night, causing drowsiness.
The cardiovascular system is influenced by the circadian rhythm, and if the circadian rhythm is disrupted, the risk of developing cardiovascular disease is high. Melatonin has been shown to have cardioprotective activity in animal and human studies.
Furthermore, there are reports that a decrease in melatonin secretion increases the risk of developing diabetes, but there are also results of cellular experiments showing that when melatonin is administered to pancreatic beta cells, the ability to secrete insulin is preserved and restored.
Melatonin supplements are used to normalize sleep patterns and treat insomnia. In the United States, the use of melatonin supplements is reported to be increasing in children, adolescents, and adults.
However, the long-term effects of melatonin supplementation on actual cardiac metabolism are unclear. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes in adults who regularly take melatonin supplements.
Long-term shift workers reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease when they take melatonin supplements
The study was conducted based on three cohorts: the Nurses’ Health Study II for women and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study for men.
Eligible were women aged 25 to 55 years and men aged 45 to 75 years who had not been diagnosed with cancer at the time of enrollment and who responded to a questionnaire about taking melatonin supplements. Adults with cardiovascular disease or diabetes were excluded from the analysis. The primary endpoint was defined as the occurrence of cardiovascular disease or diabetes.
In a secondary analysis, based on two health studies of US nurses, we assessed whether the risk of cardiovascular disease or diabetes differed when taking melatonin supplements depending on whether or not they worked night shifts.
The association between cardiovascular disease risk was 67,202 people in the Nurses’ Health Study (follow-up 1998-2019), 65,241 people in the Nurses’ Health Study II (2003-2019), and 26,629 people in the Health Professional Follow -up Study (1998-2020). It was aimed at people. For diabetes, follow-up observations were conducted from 1998 to June 2021, 2003 to January 2023, and 1998 to January 2020, respectively.
The rate of use of melatonin supplements is estimated to have more than doubled, from less than 2% between 1998 and 2007 to more than 4% between 2014 and 2015. From 2014 to 2015, the rate of use of melatonin supplements melatonin supplements was 4.05% for men and 5.3% for women.
Cardiovascular disease occurred in 16,917 people during 2,609,068 person-years of follow-up, while diabetes occurred in 12,730 people during 2,701,830 person-years of follow-up.
As a result of the three cohorts combined and multivariably adjusted, the risk of developing cardiovascular disease or diabetes in the group taking melatonin supplements was 6% (aHR 0.94; 95% CI 0.83~1.06; P= 0.34) and 2%, respectively, compared to the group not taking melatonin supplements (aHR 0.98; 95% CI 0.86~1.12; P=0.80) there was a low trend and no statistically significant difference.
Subsequently, in a secondary analysis evaluating the risk of cardiovascular disease due to shift work among nurses based solely on the Nurse Health Study, it was found that the positive correlation with the risk of cardiovascular disease in the group working long shifts term work for more than 5 years was weakened when taking melatonin supplements was studied (Pinteraction=0.013).
Professor Yanping Li of the Harvard School of Public Health, who led the study, said in an article: “Three prospective groups of middle-aged and older men and women were followed over a period of 23 years, and the results showed that taking melatonin supplements has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease or diabetes “The link between the two has not been confirmed,” he said, adding: “More research is needed to evaluate whether supplementation of melatonin may alleviate the potential risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease associated with night work.”
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