Tamil Nadu has been placed on high alert following the confirmation of H5N1 avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu, after the deaths of over 1,500 crows in Chennai and surrounding areas. Authorities are intensifying surveillance, biosecurity measures, and public health communication to prevent further spread of the virus.
What is Bird Flu?
Avian influenza is a viral infection that primarily affects birds, but can, on occasion, spread to other animals and humans. The H5N1 strain is particularly concerning due to its classification as highly pathogenic, meaning it can spread rapidly among bird populations and cause significant mortality, especially in poultry. While human infections are rare, the potential for zoonotic transmission – spread from animals to humans – is a key reason for heightened vigilance.
The Current Situation in Tamil Nadu
The outbreak was first detected through reports of unusually high numbers of dead crows across several neighborhoods in Chennai, including Adyar, Gandhi Nagar, Pallikaranai, Velachery, Thiruvanmiyur, along the East Coast Road, and the Old Mahabalipuram Road (OMR). Samples collected by the Animal Disease Investigation Team from Kancheepuram were sent to the ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD) in Bhopal for testing, where the presence of the H5N1 virus was confirmed on February 6, 2026.
The Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying, and Fisheries has issued a comprehensive advisory outlining biosecurity protocols for poultry farmers and those who handle wild birds. These measures are designed to minimize the risk of transmission and contain the outbreak. The Directorate of Public Health and Preventive Medicine has also released a public health communication urging residents to remain alert and follow safety guidelines.
Symptoms and Risks to Humans
Currently, there have been no confirmed cases of human infection with the H5N1 virus in Tamil Nadu. However, public health officials are advising caution and encouraging individuals to seek medical attention if they develop flu-like symptoms, such as cough, cold, fever, or breathing difficulties, particularly if they have had recent contact with birds.
The H5N1 strain can cause a range of respiratory symptoms in humans, and in some cases, can also lead to conjunctivitis (pink eye). While the risk of transmission to humans remains low, it is crucial to be aware of the potential symptoms and seek prompt medical care if they develop.
Preventive Measures and Public Advice
Authorities are emphasizing the importance of several key preventive measures:
- Report Dead Birds: Immediately report any unexpected deaths of birds to local authorities.
- Biosecurity for Poultry: Poultry farmers are urged to strictly adhere to biosecurity protocols, including limiting contact with wild birds, disinfecting facilities, and monitoring their flocks for signs of illness.
- Safe Handling of Birds: Individuals handling birds, whether for commercial purposes or otherwise, should wear appropriate protective gear, such as masks and gloves.
- Proper Disposal of Carcasses: Dead birds should be disposed of properly, either through burning or deep burial, to prevent the spread of infection.
- Personal Hygiene: Practice good hygiene, including frequent handwashing, especially after contact with birds or their environment.
The Animal Husbandry department has ordered officials to intensify surveillance of crows, migratory birds, and poultry. Field autopsies of dead birds have been banned, and carcasses are to be tested only at designated Regional Disease Diagnostic Labs.
Ongoing Monitoring and Future Outlook
The situation is being closely monitored by both state and central authorities. The central government has requested the state administration to strengthen surveillance, biosecurity, and disease control measures. The focus remains on preventing the spread of the virus to poultry farms, which could have significant economic consequences, and on minimizing the risk of human infection.
While the current outbreak is primarily affecting crows, the potential for the virus to mutate and spread to other bird species, including those raised for commercial purposes, remains a concern. Continued vigilance and adherence to public health guidelines are essential to effectively manage this situation and protect both animal and human health.
Health officials continue to emphasize that while the situation warrants attention, there is no cause for undue alarm. By following the recommended preventive measures and remaining vigilant, the risk of widespread infection can be minimized.
