Receiving vaccines, whether oral or injectable, is crucial for maintaining good health as it prevents various diseases. Vaccination is necessary for individuals of all ages, including children and adults. Adults should not think that they are exempt from getting vaccinated, such as for the flu. Vaccines help reduce the risk of disease and also stimulate the immune system effectively. The immunity gained from childhood vaccinations is not sufficient to protect against diseases in adulthood, which is why adults need repeated vaccinations. It is important to administer vaccines correctly. Vaccines are made from diluted, dead or dying microorganisms or parts of microorganisms, which when injected into the body, create specific immunity against that type of microorganism and prevent diseases. Vaccines have been shown to reduce death and disability rates in millions of newborns and children worldwide. Vaccination is necessary for adults and older people as well to prevent diseases. The guidelines for vaccination schedules have been adjusted to include details for giving polio vaccines, a combination of vaccines, and HPV vaccines. Various types of vaccines are available to cater to different diseases. The polio situation in Thailand currently has no reported cases, but vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) patients are still found, so it is important to use the polio vaccine. Tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough vaccines should be checked and the injectable type can be used instead of the edible type. There are different types of vaccines available, such as combined diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines (DTwP) and cellular type (DTaP), as well as tetanus and diphtheria vaccines. It is essential to differentiate between these vaccines and make sure to choose the correct one. The flu vaccine can be taken from the age of 6 months, and children under 9 receiving it for the first time should get two doses in the first year. Precautions like washing hands, wearing masks, and avoiding crowded places can also help prevent the flu.
Key point:
Receiving vaccines, whether oral or injectable, is beneficial to health. Because it prevents various diseases. Don’t let it happen. Vaccination is required at this time. From children to the elderly Don’t think that as an adult you don’t need to be vaccinated like the flu vaccine. To reduce the risk of disease Reduces side effects and also stimulates the immune system well. This is because older children and adults react differently to vaccines. Vaccination must be given in an appropriate manner.
A vaccine is a biological material prepared from diluted, dead or dying microorganisms or parts of microorganisms or using diluted toxic parts. Which, when injected into the body, will cause the body to create a specific immunity against that type of microorganism. and can prevent disease
From past to present Vaccines provide many benefits. Vaccines have been found to reduce death and disability rates in millions of newborns and children worldwide.
But after vaccines have been widely used in children for decades and have clearly reduced the number of cases of many infectious diseases in children, Children who receive the vaccine over time grow into adults. It has been found that immunity from childhood vaccinations is not high enough to protect against disease. Therefore, adults need repeated vaccinations to prevent these diseases.
Therefore, vaccination must be received from children to adults. And older people should get the vaccine too. To prevent disease that may occur
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Guidelines for child vaccination schedules
At the BDMS ANNUAL ACADEMIC MEETING 2023 between 30 October – 3 November 2023 under the concept of ‘Road to Lifelong Wellbeing’ organized by Bangkok Dusit Medical Services Public Company Limited or BDMS, which is an academic conference event held continuously every year Development and the exchange of knowledge and academic experiences for medical personnel in various fields, including those who are interested.
On last October 31, 2023, Dr. Phonthep Suandok, Head Office of Bangkok Hospital, in the topic of Effectively Recommending Vaccines Across Life, namely in 2023, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society of Thailand The vaccination schedule has been adjusted. with the following issues
1. Add details for giving polio vaccine in a sequential regimen as follows: in the case of receiving 2 times of IPV after 2 months and 4 months (sequential regimen), it is not necessary to give OPV after 2 months and 4 months, then give OPV 6 months 18 months and 4 – 6 years
2. Add a combination of Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines Whole cell type – Hepatitis B – Injectable polio – Hib (DTwP-HB-IPV-Hib, SHAN6TM) as one of the vaccine candidates. It can be injected at 2, 4, 6 months of age.
3. Add details of HPV vaccine types as follows: 2 strains (16, 18; CervarixTM, CecolinTM), 4 strains (6, 11, 16, 18; GradasilTM), and 9 strains (6, 11, 16, 18, 31 , 33, 45, 52, 58; Gradasil 9TM)
4. Add details of the WHO type in 2022. HPV vaccine can be given as 2 injections, at least 6 months apart, for people aged 9 and over, and 1 injection can be considered as an alternative for those aged 9 and over 9 – 20 years, both girls and boys For those who are immunocompromised, at least 2 injections should be given, at least 6 months apart, and if possible, 3 injections should be given.
Giving polio vaccines to children
A number of matters had been changed as follows:
5. Add a type of combined pneumococcal vaccine as follows: 13 type of combined pneumococcal vaccine (WeuphoriaTM) Age approved for use is 6 weeks – < 6 years, and type 15 (PCV15) is VaxneuvanceTM Age approved for its use is from 6 weeks and above and PCV10/13/15 can be used to complete the vaccination schedule.
6. Add the EV 71 vaccine (inactivated vaccine; EntroVacTM) which can only protect against EV71 hand, foot and mouth disease. The approved age for use is 6 months – less than 6 years by injecting 2 injections into the muscle, 1 month apart.
7. Add details about the type of chicken pox vaccine as follows: There are 2 types of chicken pox vaccine: OKA strain (VarilrixTM, VarivaxTM, SKYvaricellaTM) and MAV06 (Varicella GCCTM).
8. Add a type of dengue vaccine as follows: Live attenuated recombinant dengue2-dengue vaccine (QdengaTM) can be injected in people aged 4 – 60 years, given 2 injections, 3 months apart. and he had never had dengue fever before. There is no need to check for immunity before vaccination.
Vaccination in Thailand, but diseases are different. The polio situation in Thailand Currently, there are no reports of polio cases being detected. But VAPP (vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis) patients are still found, or a condition where the muscles in the extremities are paralyzed, very weak, constantly unbalanced. and is a patient under 15 years of age, therefore it is required to use the polio vaccine by giving 5 divalent OPV (Type 1,3) together with 1 dose of the IPV vaccine at 4 months of age and children who are 2 months of age . age can do it. Use the injectable polio vaccine (IPV) instead of the oral polio vaccine (OPV).
Check your tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough vaccine.
At the same time, the injectable type can be used instead of the edible type every time. If you only use the injection type all the time, it can only be given 4 times, stopping at 18 months of age. And in the case of receiving 2 times of IPV at 2 months and 4 months old (sequential order), there is no need to give OPV at 2 months and 4. Give OPV at 6 months, 18 months, and 4-6 years.
Regarding the cough, 19.6% of children who coughed for more than 1 week had the cough, and 18.4% of adults who coughed for more than two weeks had the cough.
As for the tetanus, diphtheria and whooping cough vaccine, it is a vaccine that contains toxoid from the bacteria tetanus (Tetanus), diphtheria (Diphtheria) and pertussis which kills whole cells (whole cell Pertussis) because reports of adverse reactions Preferably from the whole pertussis (wP) contained in the combined diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine. Whole Cell (Whole Cell) (DTwP)
Therefore, a diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (Acellular Pertussis) or DTaP combination vaccine has been developed, which causes various reactions. Same as DTwP, but found at a lower rate. You may also experience significant swelling in the local area. This usually happens when DTaP is continuously injected for the 4th and 5th dose. Most people experience symptoms within 3 days and get better on their own 1,2
Currently, there are several types of vaccines to choose from, including:
1. Combined diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine DTwP Whole cell type (Whole cell Pertussis)
2. DTaP, combined diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine, cellular type (Acellular Pertussis).
3. DT diphtheria-tetanus vaccine
4. Td tetanus-diphtheria vaccine
5. Tetanus vaccine single dose TT
6. Tdap, combined tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis vaccine, cellular type (Acellular pertussis).
There is confusion between the DTwP, DTaP and Tdap vaccines and between DT and Td, which are written differently, because the vaccines used in young children (DTwP, DTaP, DT) contain a higher proportion of the Diphtheria dose Toxoid (D) than the Toxoid dose of diphtheria (d) used in older children and adults (Tdap, Td) 3-5 times
The Tdap vaccine has a smaller proportion of diphtheria toxoid (d) and pertussis (ap) components, suitable for older children and adults, but the amount of tetanus toxoid (T) is the same to reduce side effects and also stimulate the immune system well This is because older children and adults respond better to diphtheria and pertussis vaccines than young children. Therefore, it is necessary to be more careful and check the correct vaccine at least 3 times before using it.
Get the flu vaccine from 6 months of age.
As for the flu vaccine, it can be injected from children aged 6 months onwards. Children under 9 receiving the flu vaccine for the first time must receive it 2 times in the first year, separated by at least 1 month. After that, they should receive the vaccination every year, once a year .
Other precautions that will help prevent the flu include washing your hands, wearing a mask, and avoiding places. Crowded places or contact with sick people When coughing and sneezing, you should cover your mouth and nose, and children with flu should be separated from other children. To prevent the addiction of common cold
Why? Adults and older people must be vaccinated.
Professor Dr. Theeraphong Tantawichian, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine Said that vaccination against disease among adults and the elderly has currently received more attention and support for vaccination in public and private healthcare facilities. But it is still found that the vaccination rate is still at a low rate.
This comes from a number of reasons, such as teenagers and adults often not having the opportunity to see a doctor and get vaccinated because they are usually healthy and not sick and there is no clear vaccination program based on age as the program for young children. Doctors do not consider giving the vaccine to adults because some doctors mistakenly believe that patients have already received the vaccine or had the disease and therefore do not vaccinate them.
In addition, some doctors do not understand the importance of vaccination to prevent serious infectious diseases, especially in the elderly or those with underlying diseases who are at risk of serious infection. The provision of vaccination services for adults in health care facilities is unclear or inappropriate. The population may be afraid of vaccination or fear the side effects of vaccination. The population also has to pay for vaccinations, especially expensive vaccines which may not be cost effective for some types of vaccinations, etc.
flu vaccine Required for the elderly
As for the vaccines required for older people aged 60-65, they include the flu vaccine. This is an important disease and has been found to cause hospital admissions or serious illness. cause disability or death Currently, injection services are provided free of charge. For the elderly and groups at risk, including those with chronic diseases such as diabetes, asthma, emphysema, heart disease, and chronic kidney failure. and people with impaired immune systems or who have received immune suppressing drugs and pregnant women, more than 3.5 million doses, and it will increase to 6 million doses in the next year.
Including the vaccine to protect against pneumococcus, which is bacteria that can make illness worse. Some people even develop blood infections or die. Currently, there is a vaccine to prevent pneumonia caused by pneumococcal infection. But in Thailand there is still no free service. Because the price is high, around 1,000-2,000 baht. In addition, vaccination against tetanus, diphtheria, and shingles vaccine, a boost every 10 years, is also important.
However, Thailand has found that there are still a large number of elderly people who have not been vaccinated. The main reason is that hospitals are far away and doctors do not recommend injections. Including people who still don’t know about the benefits of vaccination. And there is concern that the vaccination could have side effects.
But in reality, the side effects of vaccination are not serious and are usually local symptoms such as pain, swelling, redness at the injection site or fever and disappear within 2-3 days. Therefore, providing education about health care to the elderly And protection through vaccination is therefore an important factor that will reduce suffering from illness. and reduce the burden of medical care costs
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