Doosam Song, general chairman of the Green Remodeling Alliance (GR) (Professor at Sungkyunkwan University), served as vice president of the Korea Facility Engineers Association in 2019 and established the ‘Zero Energy Building (ZEB) System Expert Committee’ within the Association. of Facilities Engineers based on his research and education experience. Hereby, we promote the mandatory ZEB currently promoted by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, and we hold various lectures and seminars to help related workers understand the concepts and technologies of element that properly connected to ZEB and effective implementation of ZEB.
In addition, he participated as chairman of the construction wing of the ‘Low Carbon Society Vision Forum’ to achieve carbon neutrality in the domestic building energy sector and took the lead in drafting a strategy to achieve carbon neutrality in the building sector. In order to achieve carbon neutrality in the construction sector, he planned a GR project to improve the energy performance of existing old buildings, while planning a GR regional base platform project to train GR regional experts, and currently serves as the metropolitan manager. area project. Currently, Chairman Song Doo-sam is the main expert of GR Korea and is also working to build an international GR network through connections with foreign countries beyond Korea. We met Song Doo-sam, general chairman of the GR Alliance, and heard about the prospects for the GR market and the prospects for green architecture in the carbon neutral era.
■ The necessary conditions for achieving carbon neutrality in the construction sector are:
The government is promoting mandatory ZEB for new buildings and GR for old buildings as a strategy to achieve carbon neutrality in the construction sector. From 2030, the annual energy required for heating, cooling, ventilation, hot water supply, lighting, etc. for all new buildings must be less than 90 kWh/m² of primary energy for residential buildings and 140 kWh/m² of primary energy for offices. At least 20% must be covered by renewable energy.
However, according to the domestic construction status published by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport in 2021, of the 7.31 million buildings, buildings over 30 years old account for 39.6% of all buildings, and buildings over 15 years old accounting for 67.6% of all buildings, accounting for the majority in the country. In other words, in order to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality in the domestic construction sector, retrofitting or GR, which improves the energy performance of existing old buildings, must first be implemented.
■ Carbon neutral construction scenario abroad
The EU, which promotes carbon neutrality 2050 as a new economic recovery strategy, launched the ‘Renewal Wave Initiative’ on October 14, 2020 to achieve a reduction in greenhouse gases in the construction sector. Ton Renewydu promotes renovation (renovation or remodeling) at least twice the current level by 2030 by establishing building energy performance standards and introducing the obligation to apply minimum standards. The aim is to achieve energy savings in the building sector, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, create jobs, and improve the quality of life for residents.
Renovation Wave strategies include legislation, financial support, project support, smart building, establishing a sustainable ecosystem, solving energy poverty, and decarbonizing heating and cooling. For this purpose, the EU intends to raise 275 billion euros each year through the EU budget, attracting private investment, and stimulating green finance.
In Korea, GR has also been underway since 2020 for public buildings, and from 2021, about 200 billion won in government funding is provided and promoted for 841 scale public buildings small throughout the country. In the case of Seoul City, the project is carried out with 50% government funding and 50% burden on local governments. For other local governments, the project is carried out with 70% government funding and 30% burden on local governments. Under this project, mandatory GR will be implemented for public buildings starting in 2025.
In the United States, the ‘Roadmap 2050’ presented by the Architectural Institute (AIA) is ‘Architecture 2030’. This organization is a non-profit organization led by Edward Mazria and presents specifics for achieving carbon neutrality in the construction sector worldwide.
This scenario suggests that new buildings from 2016 should be built with buildings that reduce carbon emissions by around 80% of building carbon emissions compared to 2016 by 2020 and around 90% by 2025, and that carbon neutrality is achieved by 2030.
The international community presents a scenario to achieve carbon neutrality by 2047 through GR for around 2% of all buildings every year in developing countries and 3% in developed countries.
Considering this, if the existing 7.31 million buildings in Korea are upgraded by 3% (219,000 buildings) every year, about 90% of the buildings will be remodeled into low energy buildings by 2050. If it is estimated that the cost of GR per building is about 200 million won, the annual GR cost is about 43.8 trillion won. Accordingly, it will be difficult to implement under government leadership, and different financing methods, such as involving the participation of the private sector, are urgently needed.
■ The direction of the improvement in the field of green construction is
Domestic standards related to green buildings include △Green Building Certification (G-SEED) △Energy Saving Plan △Building Energy Efficiency Rating Certification △ZEB.
However, even if these certification standards are achieved, it is difficult to guarantee that the construction sector will be carbon neutral. This is because G-SEED is only a performance standard at the planning and construction completion stages and does not verify energy savings at the actual implementation stage. As a result, even in buildings that have received G-SEED and ZEB certification, there are many cases where energy saving effects do not appear compared to general buildings during the actual implementation stage.
In the carbon-neutral phase, green buildings must guarantee innovative energy savings or ZEB performance compared to existing ones in the actual operation stage and guarantee a corresponding reduction in carbon emissions. In this regard, the current system needs to be improved. The main focus is to ensure that certified buildings report and take responsibility for whether they have achieved quantitative goals for saving energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions during the actual implementation stage.
The system most in need of improvement is the building energy performance evaluation program ECO2, which evaluates building energy efficiency ratings. The ECO2 program has played a leading role in green building by comparing the energy performance of target buildings with other buildings using a monthly calculation method, but the problem is that the results of this performance evaluation do not guarantee energy consumption and savings in actual building operation. .
In addition, various technologies to implement green buildings have been developed domestically recently, but the energy saving effects of related technologies cannot be expressed due to limitations in the input value of ECO2. As a result, related technologies are not accepted in the market.
We would like to offer compulsory construction commissioning on ZEB certification. Building commissioning is a process to confirm the actual performance of the building envelope and building facilities and to realize the original performance. In the case of ZEB certified buildings, it is necessary to check whether the actual performance of the target building meets the certification level by commissioning and taking additional measures to ensure that performance is implemented if it does not meet the standards.
However, the current domestic ZEB certification standards and GR-related standards do not include this content, so even if ZEB certification is obtained, it is difficult to guarantee that the corresponding performance will be achieved the actual action.
Green architecture is not just a problem in our country; it is required worldwide. The government must establish a foundation for the promotion of connected systems, technology development, and human resource training to cultivate excellent green building companies and experts domestically so that they can play an active role in foreign markets.
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