High-Fat Diets Decrease Ability to Burn Fat and Calories: New Research Results

New research results show that “the ability to burn fat and calories decreases, causing difficulty in losing weight”

Posted on 01.31.2024 at 09.10 Posted on 01.31.2024 at 09.10 Modified on 01.30.2024 at 23.48 Views 10

High-fat diets cause obesity by dismantling mitochondria and eliminating the ability to burn fat. A key mechanism of obesity-related metabolic dysfunction has recently been discovered. [사진=게티이미지뱅크]A new study has shown that consuming high-fat foods causes mitochondria in fat cells to have a lower ability to burn fat and divide into smaller mitochondria, leading to obesity.

A research team at the University of California (UC) San Diego School of Medicine found that when mice were fed high-fat food, mitochondria within fat cells were broken down into small mitochondria with low ability to burn fat. This process was found to be controlled by a single gene (RaIA). The research team found that deleting this gene in mice prevented excessive weight gain even when eating high-fat foods.

The results of this study (Obesity causes mitochondrial fragmentation and white adipocyte dysfunction due to RalA activation) were published in the international journal Nature Metabolism and presented by the American health and medical media “MedicalXpress”.

Professor Alan Soltiel, lead author of the study, said: “High-fat diets cause obesity by dismantling mitochondria and eliminating the ability to burn fat. “We have now discovered the main mechanism of obesity-related metabolic dysfunction.” He added: “This sheds new light on how obesity affects mitochondria, which are important energy-producing structures in cells.”

The number of obese people in the world has approximately tripled since 1975. Lifestyle factors, such as eating habits and exercise, play an important role in the onset and progression of obesity. However, obesity is also related to metabolic abnormalities. Professor Soltiel said: “If you consume too many calories, you will gain weight and the disintegration of your mitochondria can cause you to consume fewer calories, which can lead to a ‘metabolic cascade’ phenomenon where obesity worsens. “The genes we identified play an important role in the transition from healthy weight to obesity.”

When you become obese, which is a state of calorie imbalance, your fat cells’ ability to burn energy begins to decline. This is one of the reasons why it is difficult for obese people to lose weight. Until now, it was not known how this metabolic abnormality began. The research team fed mice a high-fat diet and analyzed its effect on mitochondria in fat cells, which help burn fat.

The research team discovered an unusual phenomenon in which mitochondria in some of the adipose tissue of mice that ate high-fat foods divided into smaller mitochondria that burned less fat and were less efficient. It was also discovered that this metabolic effect occurs through the activation of a single specific molecule (RaIA). The single molecule has many functions, including helping break down mitochondria when they aren’t working properly. When this single molecule is activated too much, it interferes with the normal function of mitochondria, causing metabolic problems associated with obesity.

Professor Soltiel said: “In essence, chronic activation of RaIA plays an important role in suppressing energy expenditure in obese adipose tissue. “Once we understand this mechanism, we are closer to developing targeted treatments that can burn more fat and address weight gain and metabolic dysfunction,” he said.

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