Revolutionary Squid-Inspired Technology Set to Replace Needles for Medications and Vaccines

Researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Novo Nordisk have developed a needle-free microjet system inspired by squid jet propulsion. This system effectively delivers medications, such as insulin and RNA, directly into the gastrointestinal tract. Their study, published in Nature, shows that this novel approach matches the effectiveness of traditional needle injections.

Current oral delivery methods face challenges with large molecules like proteins, which often break down before reaching the bloodstream. This new microjet system aims to improve drug absorption while overcoming the limitations of existing delivery methods.

The team created four device models: two autonomous versions and two that use endoscopic guidance. Each design is optimized for different sections of the gastrointestinal tract. They conducted laboratory tests to refine the devices, adjusting variables like nozzle diameter and pressure to achieve effective tissue penetration.

In animal trials, the microjet devices delivered several therapeutic agents, and blood samples were taken to measure the effectiveness of these doses. High-speed imaging studied the jet dynamics, ensuring safety and precision during the process.

Results showed significant improvements in drug delivery and bioavailability of macromolecules. For instance, the radial device achieved 67% bioavailability of GLP-1 in pigs, while an axial device had 82% bioavailability for siRNA in the stomach. The performance of these devices was comparable to traditional subcutaneous injections.

The study found that bioavailability varied with jet angle, distance, and pressure. Some device designs also minimized recoil, ensuring stability during use. All tests indicated that the microjet systems could deliver large molecules safely without damaging surrounding tissues.

In conclusion, the microjet-based systems successfully delivered drugs into the gastrointestinal tract, achieving bioavailability levels similar to those of needle-based methods. This research highlights a promising advancement in oral drug delivery, potentially allowing for direct treatment using large molecule therapies.